How This Guide Applies Across Canada

This guide provides an overview of how local government operates in most Canadian municipalities, using a common governance model in which Council makes decisions collectively and administration is led by a Chief Administrative Officer (CAO).

Municipal structures, responsibilities, and authority can vary across provinces and territories. For example, some jurisdictions have two-tier municipal governments, different service responsibilities, or additional legislative authorities, such as Strong Mayor Powers in certain Ontario municipalities. Where relevant, these differences are highlighted throughout the guide, with additional examples provided in the appendices.

For information specific to your community, residents are encouraged to visit their municipality’s official website or contact the provincial or territorial department responsible for municipal affairs.

For more information, please click the link below.

Please note that local rules and responsibilities may vary. Your municipality’s official website is generally the best source for accurate, up-to-date information about local government in your community.